home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Mac Magazin/MacEasy 16
/
Mac Magazin and MacEasy Magazine CD - Issue 16.iso
/
Online
/
FreePPP 1.0.2 Folder
/
Installing MacPPP
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-12-10
|
29KB
|
698 lines
Installing MacPPP-- TCP/IP Access Over Serial Lines
University of Michigan
Information Technology Division
Step-by-step S4122
November 1993
Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of Michigan and
the Merit Network, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication
may be reproduced or reprinted without the permission of the
Information Technology Division of the University of Michigan as
long as the copyright and source are clearly acknowledged.
MacPPP was developed at, and is copyrighted by, the Merit
Network, Inc. and the University of Michigan. Merit and the
University of Michigan grant an unlimited license for use and
redistribution of the executable program provided that it is not
sold for profit, either as is or as part of another product.
Charges to recover the cost of duplication and distribution are
permitted. MacPPP is offered "as is"-neither Merit nor the
University of Michigan make any guarantees about the performance
or reliability of the software.
This documentation was prepared at the University of Michigan,
and contains information that is specific to using MacPPP at
U-M. Much of the information will also be of general interest to
network users elsewhere.
Acknowledgements
The PPP core software engine is based on public domain code
written by William Allen Simpson, taken from KA9Q. All
modifications to the PPP core software engine necessary to
develop MacPPP and bring the implementation to compliance with
RFCs 1331, 1332, and 1334 have been performed by Merit Network,
Inc. and the University of Michigan.
In recognition of his original work, William Allen Simpson has
been granted copyright for the PPP core software engine. The TCP
header compression routines used in MacPPP were written by Van
Jacobsen and are Copyright 1989 Regents of the University of
California. These routines were heavily modified by Katie
Stevens and William Allen Simpson.
Primary development of MacPPP at Merit Network, Inc. and the
University of Michigan was performed by Larry J. Blunk. Eric
Schneider wrote many of the "LAP" interface routines necessary
for a MacTCP mdev, as well as additional support code. Glenn
McGregor provided additional code, as well as valuable input on
the project. Many other individuals also provided input, and
their support is appreciated.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
1. About MacPPP
2. Getting Started
2.1 Copying MacPPP to Your Macintosh
2.2 Documentation
2.3 Installation and Configuration Overview
3. Installing and Configuring MacTCP
4. Tips for Using MacPPP
5. Installing and Configuring MacPPP
5.1 Config PPP Control Panel
PPP Up/Down
Open/Soft Close/Hard Close
Statistics
Port Name
Idle Timeout
Echo Interval
Terminal Window
Hangup on Close
Quiet Mode
PPP Server
5.2 Configure Server Dialog Box
PPP Server Name
Port Speed
Flow Control
Tone/Pulse Dial
Phone number
Modem Init
Modem connect timeout
5.3 Connect Script Dialog Box
Wait timeout
5.4 Authentication Dialog Box
Authenticating UserID and Password
Retries
Timeout
5.5 LCP and IPCP Options Dialog Boxes
6. Hanging Up Your Modem
7. MichNet Dial-in Numbers
8. Getting Help
1. About MacPPP
MacPPP is a Macintosh implementation of PPP, the Point-to-Point
Protocol, which allows you to use TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) applications over asynchronous
serial lines. This means that you can use telnet, FTP, Gopher
and WAIS clients, and other services directly from your
Macintosh.
To use PPP on a Macintosh, you need three packages: MacTCP,
which is Apple's control panel device that provides a standard
network interface for TCP/IP applications; MacPPP; and software
that supports MacTCP, such as NCSA Telnet or VersaTerm version
4.5.3 (and later versions). You must also be dialing into a
terminal server that is capable of supporting PPP, such as a
Merit/MichNet Secondary Communications Processor (SCP) or
Network Access Server (NAS).
For more information about NAS access with MacPPP, see Dialing
In to the Network Access Server (NAS), Reference R1130. See
Section 2.2 below, "Documentation," for information about
obtaining a copy from ITD.
MacPPP 2.0.1 is a Line Access Protocol (LAP mdev) driver for
MacTCP. This version does not support AppleTalk over PPP.
MacPPP requires MacTCP 1.1 or higher, Macintosh System 6.0.5 or
higher, and a Hayes-compatible modem for dial-in connections.
You can also use MacPPP over hardwired, asynchronous
connections, but the University of Michigan discourages the use
of these connections in favor of connections to Ethernet local
area networks.
Note that using the TCP/IP protocols adds a certain amount of
overhead to your communications sessions. The additional
overhead isn't a problem when you are working at higher
communications speeds, but may slow down communications
considerably with slower modems, or when you are using certain
software applications.
2. Getting Started
Once you have finished installing and configuring MacTCP and
MacPPP, as described below, your dial-in TCP/IP sessions will be
handled automatically. You'll simply click the Open button on
MacPPP's Config PPP Control Panel (the recommended method for
starting a dial-in session) or start up a software application
that uses MacTCP. Your modem will dial automatically. You can
then enter your password and proceed with your dial-in session.
2.1 Copying MacPPP to Your Macintosh
MacPPP is available for anonymous FTP in the file
/internet.tools/ppp/mac/macppp2.0.1.hqx on the nic.merit.edu
host. This file is stored in an archived and compressed format,
and must be decompressed after you copy it to your Macintosh.
The file /mac/00introduction on the host mac.archive.umich.edu
explains how to decompress the file.
2.2 Documentation
There are four MacPPP documentation files. Two files are
included when you download
/internet.tools/ppp/mac/macppp2.0.1.hqx from nic.merit.edu and
decompress the file: Release Notes, which contains information
on changes included in the latest version of MacPPP, and
/internet.tools/ppp/mac/macppp.txt, which contains an ASCII
(plain text) version of the document you're reading now. Two
PostScript versions of the document you're reading now are also
available on nic.merit.edu. The file
/internet.tools/ppp/mac/macppp.ps.hqx is stored in an archived
and compressed format, and must be decompressed after you copy
it to your Macintosh. The file /mac/00introduction on the host
mac.archive.umich.edu explains how to decompress the file. The
file macppp.ps.Z on nic.merit.edu contains a PostScript version
of the documentation in a compressed Unix format.
Additional copies of this documentation, Installing MacPPP,
Step-by-Step S4122, are available at the larger Campus Computing
Sites or from the ITD Documentation Support Staff. To request
that a copy be sent to you through campus mail, send electronic
mail to itd.doc@umich.edu or call 763-8961.
2.3 Installation and Configuration Overview
To get MacPPP running on your Macintosh, follow the steps below
to install and configure MacTCP and MacPPP. All you need to do
to configure MacPPP is change several settings on the Config PPP
control panel (see section 5.1) and the Configure Server dialog
box (section 5.2.) If you are a MichNet user, you may also want
to enter your authenticating userID in the Authorization dialog
box (section 5.4). All the other settings are optional.
3. Installing and Configuring MacTCP
Follow these steps to install and configure MacTCP for use with
MacPPP.
1. To install MacTCP, select the MacTCP icon and drag it onto
the System Folder on your hard disk. On System 7.x machines, a
dialog box will ask if you want to put it in the Control Panels
Folder. Click OK.
2. On System 7.x machines, select the MacTCP control panel icon.
On System 6.x machines, under the Apple Menu, choose "Control
Panel." Then choose MacTCP from the control panel window.
3. Select the PPP icon in the MacTCP control panel and then
click "More ..." to bring up the MacTCP Configuration
Information Box.
4. Choose "server" under "Obtain Address." You do not need to
enter a gateway or IP address.
Do not select dynamic or manual (static) addressing. If you are
using a Merit/MichNet SCP or NAS, the SCP or NAS will assign you
a TCP/IP address. If you are connecting to another type of
terminal server and you need to statically assign an IP address,
use MacPPP's IP Control Protocol (IPCP) Options button on the
Configure Server dialog box. Note, however, that PPP will not
open the connection if the terminal server is not willing to
negotiate the address you have selected. In general, it is
preferable to let the terminal server provide the IP address by
leaving the address at the default setting, 0.0.0.0, in the IPCP
dialog box.
4. In the Domain Name Server Information part of the MacTCP
Configuration Information Box, on the first line, enter
umich.edu for the domain and 35.1.1.90 for the IP address. Click
the button in the Default column. On the second line, enter '.'
(a period) for the domain and 35.1.1.91 for the IP address.
4. Tips for Using MacPPP
Here are several tips that may be helpful when installing and
using MacPPP:
You must disable XON/XOFF flow control on your modem in order
to use MacPPP, as explained below in section 5.2.
If you have problems using a particular application along with
MacPPP, try launching MacPPP with the Open button on MacPPP's
Config PPP control panel, rather than from inside the
application.
If you enable CTS/RTS flow control in MacPPP, you must also
enable CTS/RTS flow control in your modem, and you must be using
a modem cable that supports "hardware handshaking." For more
information, see section 5.2.
5. Installing and Configuring MacPPP
Once decompressed, MacPPP consists of two programs: a System
Extension called PPP and a control panel called Config PPP. To
install MacPPP, you have to install both programs. Follow these
steps:
1. Select the PPP icon and drag it onto the System Folder on
your hard disk. Also, select the Config PPP icon and drag it
onto the System Folder on your hard disk. On System 7.x
machines, if the System Folder is closed when you selected the
PPP and Config PPP icons, a dialog box will ask if you want to
put these files into their special places in the system. Click
OK. The files should go in the Extensions and Control Panels
folders, respectively.
On System 6.x machines, the 'PPP' and 'Config PPP' files should
go in the System folder.
2. After you have installed PPP and Config PPP, reboot your
machine.
3. Next, on System 7.x machines, select the Config PPP control
panel icon. On System 6.x machines, under the Apple Menu, choose
Control Panel. Then choose Config PPP from the control panel
window to bring up the Config PPP control panel.
Once you have opened the Config PPP control panel, MacPPP will
create a file called 'PPP Preferences' in the System folder
(System 7.x) or the Preferences folder (System 6.x). The PPP
Preferences file is required for the PPP LAP driver.
5.1 Config PPP Control Panel
The Config PPP control panel leads to several dialog boxes and
windows that you'll use to configure MacPPP. You can use the
Config PPP control panel to begin and end your PPP sessions. The
only parameter you need to set is the Port Name, as explained
below. To enter the phone number you want to dial, click
"Config..." to go to the Configure Server dialog box, described
in section 5.2.
Other parameters can also be used to customize MacPPP. These
optional settings are described below.
PPP Up/Down
This icon indicates the current state of the PPP driver-more
specifically, the PPP IP Control Protocol. 'Open' indicates that
PPP is ready for IP traffic. 'Down' indicates that it is not yet
ready for TCP/IP traffic.
Open/Soft Close/Hard Close
Click these buttons to open and close your PPP session, once
you've configured MacPPP. If you have problems using a
particular application along with MacPPP, try opening MacPPP
this way, rather than from inside the application.
Click Hard Close to prevent MacTCP from reopening your
connection after you've ended your PPP session, or to end your
PPP session if you want to use your serial port to run a
traditional asynchronous program, such as a terminal emulator.
Click 'Open' to manually re-open your PPP session after you end
it with Hard Close.
Statistics
When you click this button, a dialog box with a set of counters
appears. Click the Update button on the Statistics dialog box to
show the current value of the counters and the current state of
all supported PPP options. These options are documented in the
PPP RFCs (e.g., RFC 1331). The RFC (Request for Comment) series
is available for anonymous FTP on the host nic.merit.edu in the
/documents/rfc directory.
Most users will not need to use the Statistics dialog box.
Port Name
The Port Name pop-up menu allows you to select the Modem Port,
Printer Port, or any other serial ports registered with the
Communications Toolbox. (The Communications Toolbox is included
with System 7.0, and optional on System 6.x machines.)
The default is the modem port. If you have registered other
ports, MacPPP will use the Communications Toolbox to
automatically obtain their names and the names of associated
drivers.
PowerBook 100 users should select Internal Modem or External
Modem on the PowerBook control panel. External modem users
should select the Printer/Modem Port option from MacPPP's Port
Name menu, and internal modem users should select Modem Port.
PowerBook 145, 160, and 180 users should select Internal Modem
or External Modem on the PowerBook control panel, and select
Modem Port from MacPPP's Port Name menu.
PowerBook Duo users with an Apple Express internal modem or a
standard Apple internal modem should select the Modem Port
option on MacPPP's Port Name menu. PowerBook Duo users with a
non-Apple internal modem should select Internal Modem or
External Modem on the PowerBook control panel, and select the
Internal Modem option on MacPPP's Port Name menu.
Users with a PowerBook Duo that is not docked should select the
Printer/Modem Port option from MacPPP's Port Name menu. Users
with a PowerBook Duo that is docked should select the Modem Port
option from MacPPP's Port Name menu.
AppleTalk users should be sure to quit AppleTalk before using
the Duo's serial port for MacPPP.
Idle Timeout (minutes)
You can use the Idle Timeout pop-up menu to configure MacPPP so
that if your PPP session remains idle for a specified amount of
time, MacPPP will bring up an alert box asking you if you want
to close the session. You can either close the session or ignore
the message.
Leave the setting at None, the default, if you don't want to set
a timeout interval. If you want to set a timeout interval, click
the pop-up menu and select a timeout interval from 5 to 120
minutes.
Echo Interval (seconds)
MacPPP uses a PPP packet called the "LCP (Line Control Protocol)
echo request" to determine if your connection has been dropped.
MacPPP sends the requests at the interval you specify; if the
terminal server does not respond after 3 successive requests,
MacPPP assumes that the link is down.
If you leave the Echo Interval pop-up menu set off-the
default-MacPPP will not send out any echo requests. If you want
MacPPP to send out echo requests, click the pop-up menu to
specify the interval at which MacPPP should send them out-from 2
to 20 seconds.
Terminal Window
Click this box to bring up a basic terminal emulator, which will
appear when MacPPP is connecting with the local terminal server.
You can then use the terminal emulator to manually type any
commands needed to put the terminal server into PPP mode. Once
you have entered these commands, click the 'OK' button to start
your PPP session.
If you click the Terminal Window box, MacPPP will ignore the
Phone number and Modem init fields in the Configure Server and
Connect Script dialog boxes.
Currently, the terminal emulator offers only basic features, and
does not provide a cursor or scroll bar. Most users will not
need to use the MacPPP terminal emulator.
Hangup on Close
Click this box if you want MacPPP to send the modem a hangup
string (+++ ATH) when you close your PPP session.
Quiet Mode
Click this box to disable notification of Password
Authentication Protocol (PAP) messages and idle timeout
conditions.
PPP Server
See the next section for information on this feature.
5.2 Configure Server Dialog Box
Click 'Config ...' in the Config PPP control panel to display
the Configure Server dialog box, which you'll use to set the
port speed, phone type (tone dial or pulse dial), and phone
number. If your modem defaults are set up correctly, you can
ignore the 'Modem Init' field. If the defaults are not set up
correctly, you'll need to enter a modem initialization string,
as described below. To enter the information needed to identify
you to the terminal server, go to the Authentication dialog box,
described in section 5.4.
Several optional parameters can also be set on the Configure
Server dialog box, as described below. In the preceding figure,
'MichNet' has been selected as the PPP Server Name. The port
speed is 9600 bps, and the phone number is MichNet's Ann Arbor
9600 bps dial-in number.
PPP Server Name
This handy feature allows you to set up a separate configuration
for each host you access with MacPPP, assign a name to that
host, and connect to it by selecting its name on a pop-up menu.
If you will only be accessing one host, highlight 'Untitled' and
replace it with a server name-MichNet in the figure above-and
configure any desired options. Click "Done." The host's name
will then appear on the PPP Server pop-up menu on the Config PPP
control panel. Now you can simply click the name each time you
want to access that server. MacPPP will automatically establish
a connection using the configuration you specified.
If you want to add other servers, click 'New' in the Config PPP
control panel. MacPPP will prompt you for each name, and you can
then configure any desired options.
Click the 'Delete Server' option button to delete server
entries.
Port Speed
Enter the speed in bits per second for the port being used for
your PPP session. For NAS users, this should be at least as fast
as your modem speed. See the NAS documentation for more
information.
Flow Control
The Flow Control pop-up menu allows you to select among several
hardware flow control options. Select CTS & RTS (Clear to
Send/Ready to Send), if this option is supported by your modem.
CTS flow control allows the modem to run at the higher speeds
provided by data compression. If you select CTS & RTS, you must
also enable CTS/RTS flow control in your modem, and configure
the modem to ignore DTR (the Data Terminal Ready signal). In
many modems, the command to ignore DTR is 'at &d0'.
If you enable CTS/RTS flow control, you must be using a modem
cable that supports "hardware handshaking." So that MacPPP can
detect whether your cable supports hardware handshaking,
configure your modem's DCD (Data Carrier Detect) signal so that
it is only present when you are connected to the remote host.
This is the default for many modems. If DCD is not set this way
by default, the correct reset command for many modems is &C1.
Be sure that your modem is not using XON/XOFF flow control on
input or output. MacPPP does not support XON/XOFF flow control.
If XON/XOFF flow control is enabled by default, check your
documentation and use the appropriate modem initialization
string in the Configure Server dialog box to disable it.
Tone/Pulse Dial
Click the 'Tone dial' or 'Pulse dial' button to select your type
of phone service.
Phone number
Click this box to enter the phone number of the host you're
dialing. Several MichNet dial-in numbers are listed at the end
of this document.
Modem Init
Click this box to enter any initialization strings required by
your modem. The string must be a Hayes 'AT' command. If your
modem defaults are set up correctly, you may not need to enter a
Modem Init string in order to use PPP.
The Modem Init string is typically used to:
Disable XON/XOFF flow control
Enable CTS/RTS flow control, if supported by your modem (see
the section titled "Flow Control" above.)
MacPPP does not support XON/XOFF flow control. Be sure that your
modem is not using XON/XOFF flow control on input or output. If
XON/XOFF flow control is enabled by default, check your
documentation and enter the appropriate modem initialization
command in the Configure Server dialog box to disable it.
If you enter a Modem Init string but the phone number field is
not set (either because you are not using a modem or prefer to
issue the dial command yourself), MacPPP will not send the Modem
Init command.
If the phone number field is set, MacPPP will automatically send
the initialization command 'AT E0V1' to the modem. This will
disable echoing and put the modem in verbose response mode. An
'OK' response is expected from the modem. If you have not
entered an additional modem initialization command in the Modem
Init box, the phone number will then be dialed.
If you have entered a modem initialization command in the Modem
Init box, the command will be sent to the modem after the 'AT
E0V1' command. MacPPP will again expect an 'OK' response from
the modem. After MacPPP receives an 'OK' response, the phone
number will be dialed. You may include any characters in the
phone number that your modem will accept, e.g., a comma (,) for
a pause between numbers.
Modem connect timeout
By default, MacPPP will wait up to 90 seconds for a response
from the modem before timing out. If it receives a CONNECT
response, MacPPP will proceed to the next phase. If a BUSY
response is received, MacPPP will attempt to redial. Click the
Modem connect timeout box to change the timeout interval; you
can select any number of seconds.
Click the option buttons on the bottom of the 'Configure server'
dialog box to bring up the Connect Script, Authentication, and
LCP/IPCP dialog boxes.
5.3 Connect Script Dialog Box
If you are dialing into a Merit/MichNet SCP or NAS, you do not
need to enter any information in the Connect Script dialog box.
The SCP or NAS will automatically detect that you are initiating
a PPP session; you will not need to supply a 'PPP' string.
If you are accessing a non-University of Michigan terminal
server and want to use the Connect Script dialog box to initiate
your PPP session, you can enter up to eight dialog strings to
establish the connection. All of these fields are optional. Once
you've established a connection, your modem and the terminal
server will exchange information contained in the dialog strings
to initiate your PPP session.
Select the Out button in front of the seven dialog strings to
indicate that your modem should send out the string. Select the
Wait button to indicate that the string is expected to be
received from the terminal server. Control characters can be
entered using the ^ (caret) convention, e.g., '^m' for a
carriage return. The <CR> check boxes indicate that a carriage
return should be appended to the end of the dialog string.
Placing a '^m' at the end of the string also appends a carriage
return to the end of the dialog string.
The backslash (\) is a reserved character in the Connect Script
dialog box. It can be used as follows for both Out and Wait
strings:
\r carriage return
\^ literal '^'
\\ literal '\'
\nnn 8-bit octal value
The following can be used only in Out strings:
\b send a break (100 milliseconds)
\d delay for one second
\t invoke the MacPPP terminal emulator
Wait timeout (seconds)
Click this box to enter the number of seconds MacPPP will wait
for each Wait string to be received from the local terminal
server. The default is 40 seconds. By default, if more than 40
seconds elapse, MacPPP will abort the attempt to establish a
connection. An alert box will appear, asking if you want to quit
MacPPP or retry the connect script from the beginning.
5.4 Authentication Dialog Box
The only information you need to enter in the Authentictaion
Dialog Box is your authenticating userID.
Authenticating UserID and Password
Use the Authentication dialog box to enter the authenticating
userID needed to identify you to the terminal server. MacPPP
uses this information to authenticate with PPP's Password
Authentication Protocol (PAP), which is supported by the
University of Michigan's SCPs and NASs. If you are accessing
other servers, which may use text-based authentication
mechanisms, you should authenticate by using the Connect Script
dialog box or the terminal window available on the Config PPP
control panel, rather than the Authentication dialog box.
If you have a University of Michigan uniqname, a userID on
UM-MTS, or a MichNet Authorization Account, enter it here. For
example, if your uniqname in the UMICH.EDU realm is abcuser,
abcuser@umich.edu is your authenticating userID, as shown in the
example above. Similarly, if your userID on UM-MTS is abcd,
abcd@um.cc.umich.edu is your authenticating userID.
If you don't know what an Authorization Account is, enter HELP
at the Merit/MichNet "Which Host?" prompt to access MichNet's
free Online Help System. Select 'ACCESS Information,' and then
'AUTHORIZATION server information.' If you would like to obtain
a MichNet Authorization Account, check with the computing center
at your institution to see if it can provide one for you. If it
cannot, send e-mail to acctmgr@merit.edu or call the MichNet
Accounts Manager at (313) 764-9430.
Merit and the University of Michigan recommend that you do not
enter your password in the Authentication dialog box, even
though your password will be blanked. Instead, leave this box
blank-you'll be prompted for your password once you've connected
to the local terminal server.
Retries
Click this box to specify how many times MacPPP should attempt
to resend your ID and/or password, if it is unable to establish
a connection with the local terminal server. The default is 10
retries. By default, MacPPP will abort the attempt to establish
a connection after 10 retries.
Timeout (seconds)
Click this box to enter the number of seconds MacPPP should wait
for the terminal server to respond to your ID and/or password
authentication request. You can enter any number of seconds; the
default is 3 seconds.
5.5 LCP and IPCP Options Dialog Boxes
The LCP (Line Control Protocol) and IPCP (IP Control Protocol)
Options dialog boxes allow you to configure the options that PPP
negotiates with the local terminal server. In most cases, the
defaults should work. Changing them is not recommended unless
you are familiar with several of the documents about PPP in the
Internet "Request for Comment" (RFC) series (RFC 1331, 1332, and
1334). The RFCs are available for anonymous FTP on the host
nic.merit.edu in the /documents/rfc directory.
6. Hanging Up Your Modem
In order to hang up your modem and end your PPP session, you
must hang up explicitly by clicking Hard Close on the Config PPP
control panel or by turning off your modem. Simply quitting your
TCP/IP application, such as NCSA Telnet or VersaTerm, will not
hang up your modem.
7. MichNet Dial-in Numbers
Here are the Ann Arbor dial-in numbers that support PPP:
1200 bps (Bell 212A compatibles 763-6520
such as the Hayes smartmodem)
2400 bps (V.22 bis compatibles) 998-1302
9600 bps (V.32 compatibles) 998-1303
Network Access Server (NAS) 998-1300
You cannot use MacPPP on the current Ann Arbor 19,200 bps
dial-in lines. XON/XOFF is set on by default on these modems,
and MacPPP does not support XON/XOFF flow control.
MichNet's free Online Help System provides a complete listing of
MichNet access phone numbers. To access the help server, simply
enter HELP at the "Which Host?" prompt and select 'ACCESS
information.'
8. Getting Help
If you are a student, faculty member, or staff member at the
University of Michigan and you have questions about using
MacPPP, contact the ITD consultants by sending e-mail to
online.consulting@umich.edu or by calling 764-HELP.